The role of IFN-γ production during retroviral infections: an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation and pathogenesis.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays a crucial role in viral infections by preventing viral replication and in the promotion of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, IFN-gamma can exert distinct effects in different persistent viral infections. The long-term overproduction of IFN-γ in retroviral infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting in inflammation, may cause neuronal damage. This review is provocative about the role of IFN-γ during persistent retroviral infections and its relationship with the causation of some neurological disorders that are important for public health.

The role of IFN-γ production during retroviral infections: an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation and pathogenesis

ABSTRACT Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays a crucial role in viral infections by preventing viral replication and in the promotion of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, IFN-gamma can exert distinct effects in different persistent viral infections. The long-term overproduction of IFN-γ in retroviral infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting in inflammation, may cause neuronal damage. This review is provocative about the role of IFN-γ during persistent retroviral infections and its relationship with the causation of some neurological disorders that are important for public health.

Especiação de bactérias encontradas no gelo através do método MALDI-TOF-MS / Specification of bacteria found in the through the MALDI-TOF-MS method

Objetivo ­ Determinar a especiação de bactérias gram-negativas em quatro diferentes marcas de gelo através do método MALDI-TOFMS e avaliar sua potabilidade. Metodos ­ Com o equipamento multiparâmetros, da marca Hanna®, foram avaliados: pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura. Preparou-se meio Agar Mac Conkey para observação do crescimento bacteriano de Gramnegativas, sua morfologia através da coloração de Gram e a sua especiação pelo método MALD-TOF-MS. Resultados ­ Houve crescimento na amostra 4 e como método MALDI-TOF-MS foi identificada a espécie Pseudomonas monteilli. Conclusão ­ Os parâmetros físico-químicos estão de acordo com a Resolução 357/05 do CONAMA e a portaria 2.914/11 do MS. A espécie P. monteilli foi detectada em 15 minutos, podendo substituir o método tradicional que levaria dias para identificação, tornando um método revolucionário e de importância à saúde pública.

Objective ­ To determine the speciation of gram-negative bacteria in four different ice brands using the MALDI-TOF-MS method and to evaluate their potability. Methods - With the Hanna® multiparameter equipment, the following parameters were evaluated: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Mac Conkey Agar medium was prepared for observation of Gram-negative bacterial growth, its morphology by Gram staining and its speciation by the MALD-TOF-MS method. Results ­ There was growth in sample 4 and as the MALDI-TOF-MS method was identified the species Pseudomonas monteilli. Conclusion ­ The physicochemical parameters are in accordance with CONAMA Resolution 357/05 and MS Ordinance 2.914 / 11. P. monteilli was detected within 15 minutes and could replace the traditional method that would take days to identify, making it a revolutionary method of public health importance.